Top 10 Trending Hotels Near Citigroup Centre ~ CNBCInfo

World Environment Center International Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) Task Team—Citigroup is an active member of the World Environment Center, an independent, non-profit, nongovernmental organization that advances sustainable development and social responsibility, encour-ages...The current legal building name. Citigroup Centre. Other Names. Mixed-Structure Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of...This 59-story building—easy to spot in the New York City skyline due to its sloping right-triangle rooftop—is, at 915 feet, one of Manhattan's ten... Citigroup Center. Advertisement. From Our Partners. Membership Meeting Planners Press & Media Travel Trade Back to Top.The CitiGroup Center by architect Hugh Stubbins was built in New York, New York, United States in 1972-1977. Finally the space beneath the deck 45-degrees was used to house an important technical level of the building in which it is located apart from many other machine the cradle of masses.The Citigroup Center is an office skyscraper in New York City, located at 53rd Street between Lexington and Third Avenues in midtown Manhattan. Built in 1977 to house the headquarters of Citibank, it is 915 feet tall and has 59 floors with 1.3 million square feet of office space.

Citigroup Centre - The Skyscraper Center | Top Elevator Speed

After graduating near the top of his class, Ben Naegle was hired by the local office of a Big 4. dramatically.c. Several of the company\'s compensation arrangements, including that of the controller and the company president, were based on reported net income.Required:What is so ominous...• Counting spires and antennas the Citigroup Center is the 6th tallest building in New York City and 5th tallest in Midtown. • This column arrangement is not without its problems though and the behaviour of the lateral load resisting system was unwittingly changed as a result of the contrator's...Find the perfect Citigroup Building stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Select from premium Citigroup Building of the highest quality. Citi' sign is displayed outside Citigroup Center near Citibank headquarters in Manhattan on December 5, 2012 in New York City.Things to do near Citicorp Center. There's nothing "special" about the Citigroup building, BUT the lower level houses what's called a "Privately Owned Public Space" -- meaning the building owners got a tax break for allowing people to use it as a public space.

Citigroup Center | The Official Guide to New York City

The Citigroup Center (formerly Citicorp Center and also known by its address, 601 Lexington Avenue) is an office skyscraper in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Built in 1977 to house the headquarters of Citibank, it is 915 feet (279 m)...CITIGROUP CENTER. New York City, New York. Maggie Bryan. • The Citigroup Center utilizes a 400 ton, 225 cubic foot concrete block, floating on a film of oil, located in the mechanical space on the top floors of the building to counteract the lateral forces acting on the structure.Citigroup Center building, New York, N.Y., U.S. Johan Burati. Citigroup's origins date to the early 19th century. In 1811 the U.S. Congress refused to renew the charter of the First Bank of the United States —the country's central bank , which had branches in cities such as New York.View of the John Hancock Center from our old apartment in 880 North Lake Shore Drive. The mixed uses of the 100 story tower include commercial from floors 1-5, parking on 6-12, offices on 13-44 and residential 46-96. Citigroup Center (279 m.), New York, USA.The Citigroup Center (formerly Citicorp Center and now known as 601 Lexington Avenue) is one of the ten tallest skyscrapers in New York City Night View of Citigroup Center from GE Building. From the beginning, the Citigroup Center was an engineering challenge. When planning for the skyscraper...

AD Classics: Citigroup Center / Hugh Stubbins + William Le Messurier

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This article was originally published on November 5, 2014. To read the stories at the back of different celebrated structure initiatives, seek advice from our AD Classics section.

In a city of skyscrapers of nearly every shape and dimension, the Citigroup Center on Lexington Avenue is one of New York's most unique. Resting on four stilts completely centered on each aspect, it cantilevers seventy-two toes over the sidewalk and includes a trademark 45-degree sloping crown at its summit. The unique structure chargeable for these placing options additionally contained a grave oversight that nearly led to structural disaster, giving the tower the moniker of "the largest disaster never instructed" when the story finally used to be advised in 1995. The fantastic tale—now legendary amongst structural engineers—adds a fascinating back-story to 1 of the maximum iconic fixtures of the Manhattan skyline.

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Before the Citigroup Center used to be began in 1970, the lot used to be occupied through the Victorian-style St. Peter's Evangelical Church, which gave permission to Citigroup to construct a skyscraper on the situation that it wouldn't affect the current construction. This intended that the complete building would need to hover above the church, nine tales above side road stage, possibly by way of hanging it on piers. More importantly, preserving the church meant that none of the supports might be located at the corners of the lot, resulting in a design that moved the columns to the heart of every profile. Although the church used to be demolished inside the year, fifty stories of place of job area have been erected over the spot the place it as soon as stood, reaching a hovering top of 915 toes. Upon its of completion in 1977, the Citigroup Center was the seventh tallest building in the world.

Looking up at the building from side road level, there is something unnervingly precarious about the method it rests on its stilts. Like a desk with badly located legs, it seems that risky, as though pushing too laborious on one nook of the building would ship the whole thing toppling over. Yet, it has a a success interface with the sidewalk, growing an enchanting overhang with a sleek, gridded face that attracts the eye. The details beneath the cantilever are thoughtfully articulated, giving a clean and hyper-ordered veneer to the rarely noticed underbelly of a mammoth skyscraper.

Starting at the tenth flooring, the building assumes a kind much more standard of Seventies high-rise architecture. The curtain wall machine affixes striations of metal cladding and strip windows, wrapping the sheer walls of the building with a horizontal banding that visually thickens its presence. Structural gadgets are pulled again from the façade, leaving a clean end that works well with the formal readability of the building. On the north profile, the tallest and least dynamic of the four aspects, the crown is visually differentiated via an indentation in the façade this is illuminated at night, as if to offer a brand new tackle the age-old typology of the architectural beacon.

While the architect Hugh Stubbins created the iconic form of the building, most of the credit for the project is most often given to its structural engineer, William Le Messurier. Working on an enormous scale with an unprecedented massing configuration, the task of inventing a structural system to fortify this odd design fell squarely on his shoulders. Le Messurier devised a V-shaped device of braces that spanned the building in eight-story units, resulting in five units of inverted chevron-like supports. In textbook diagrammatic form, these braces redirect the downward forces of the building towards its center the place the load-bearing piers transfer them to the floor, all the while providing resistance to the horizontal forces generated via the wind.

To stay it hyper-efficient and low on mass, the completed structure was once built to a minimal protection issue, a choice that will in the end come to haunt the engineers. As a end result, the building's odd lightness made it topic to large sways in the wind. Le Messurier turned to the reasonably novel invention of the tuned mass damper to help compensate for the lack of weight, putting a 4 hundred-ton block of concrete in the pinnacle of the building just beneath the sharply angled roof. In order to reduce building sway, the electricity-powered damper was programmed to transport in sync with the building while slowing down the speed of its movements. The first tuned mass damper of its type in the United States, it has worked to perfection, offsetting the tower's bizarre design and permitting it to act like its extra conventionally configured neighbors.

The engineering marvels of the building brought it a well-liked notoriety that ended up being its saving grace. Shortly after construction was once finished, Diane Hartley, an undergraduate structure student at Princeton, attempted to mathematically replicate the performance figures of the building. Just like the engineers sooner than her, when she calculated the drive of wind implemented without delay to the side of the tower, the construction had no drawback offsetting it. However, she went a crucial step further, calculating the effect of quartering winds—that is, winds that strike the building from two sides concurrently—and found that above a undeniable windspeed, the joints of the building would buckle and catastrophic failure was impending. She phoned Le Messurier's place of work to determine where the figures had long past off, gained the offhand assurances of a project engineer, and didn't hear another word about it for almost two decades.

Meanwhile, in a mirrored image of admirable humility, Le Messurier decided to look into the pupil's questions and discovered that Hartley's figures have been correct. A late-stage cost-cutting measure that substituted fully welded joints in the spliced diagonal braces for bolted joints ended in inadequate energy to withstand the quartering winds, and given the fallacious mixture of forces, the building could sooner or later collapse. Le Messurier briefly passed the figures to a number of meteorological mavens to decide how frequently the wind speeds important for structural failure befell in New York. The solution used to be sickening: each fifty-four years, they stated, except a hurricane cut off energy to the tuned mass damper, which would cut back the frequency of potentially catastrophic storms to a mere sixteen years.

Le Messurier hurriedly contacted the executives at Citigroup to allow them to know that their emblem new, $one hundred seventy five million icon may just simply change into the biggest crisis in New York's history. Together, they hatched a plan to superimpose absolutely welded steel plates over the weak joints on the braces, and started fortifying the building round the clock whilst holding a watchful eye on the climate forecast. In conjunction with high-up govt officials and the American Red Cross, they also prepared a 12-block evacuation plan for the midtown space in case cave in turned into approaching. But all of this used to be unremarkable in comparison to the indisputable fact that the whole operation was performed in total secrecy. Not a unmarried worker in the Citigroup building or any of its neighbors used to be made mindful of the risk looming above them, and the loads of officers, welders and forgers that have been brought into the fold effectively saved the affair clear of the media. Incredibly, the tale remained buried till 1995, when "The Fifty-Nine Story Crisis" was once in the end revealed in The New Yorker Magazine. BBC due to this fact televised a special program about the near pass over, watched through none instead of the fiancé of an incredulous Diane Hartley.

Typical Floor Plan. Image © viewthespace.com

For architects, the mission activates a sequence of provocative ethical and professional questions that solid a more sinister shadow over the otherwise heroic efforts of Le Messurier and his staff. The accountability to tell the public of doubtlessly catastrophic threats posed via failing structure, if no longer all over maintenance then immediately after, is counteracted by legitimate interests in avoiding mass panic and less-legitimate considerations over corporate and professional recognition. Furthermore, while under no circumstances implying that extra lively oversight by way of the architect may have avoided the structural disasters, this story begs a reconsideration of how collaborative efforts on complicated initiatives are coordinated. If a sequence of unfortunate occasions had been required to result in the near miss—low structural safety margins, late-stage budgetary substitutions, the failure to account for necessary environmental prerequisites—an similarly varied array of counter fixes will have been proposed by way of individuals with a more complete and holistic standpoint on the project. There are numerous ways that architects and engineers can be told from the mistakes and achievements of the Citigroup Building, and it's perhaps the largest shame of all that they had been kept hidden from the public for see you later.

[1] Werner, Joel. "The Design Flaw that Almost Wiped Out an NYC Skyscraper." Slate. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014 from http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2014/04/17/the_citicorp_tower_design_flaw_that_could_have_wiped_out_the_skyscraper.html.

[2] Mars, Roman. "Structural Integrity." 99% Invisible (Podcast), 15 April 2014.