Coronavirus (COVID-19) Testing Before You Travel To England

3. According to David, a hacker can be… 6.According to David, writing a computer virus… One place offered satellite TV and a trouser press, and another boasted CURRENT FIRE CERTIFICATE - something I had never thought to look for in a B&B. All this heightened my sense of unease and doom.According to his boss, everyone in Malcom's office is … for a rise in the next few months. DUE. The robbery took place in…….. daylight, so it's amazing no one saw anything. CONDITION Part 5: Chloe would only eat a pizza if she could have a mushroom topping. Never occurred to us. I haven't heard from my pen friend for ages.There was a serious staff _ at the time so several shipments were held up. In the interests of safety it's a good idea to walk _ when visiting a place for the first time.According to the new graph, risks to 'unique and threatened systems' such as coral reefs and risks Several bills pending in Congress would set a so-called cap-and-trade policy under which an overall But even with such policies in place—not only in the U.S. but across the globe—climate change is a...He looked for a place where he could get food. 11 She didn't want to hear the story again. I was extremely reluctant to open the door. 26 He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it. 34 The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses. They put a tax on windows.

Use of English

Вопрос 4. The topic of the sentence: "Even though the procedures (A) followed to enroll in American university (B) vary according to each Вопрос 5. Fill in the gap with a suitable word: Tell which _ of travel you would choose if you had to go from your home to a place 40...C. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles.There are several participle forms which we can use to make phrases Participle phrases can often operate like clauses of reason, condition, result and time: Full clause. We are dividing up the grant according to need, the largest amount _ to the homeless.according to- согласно. complaint - жалоба. carry on - продолжать. The operating tables were little better than kitchen tables. Under these tables was placed a tub of sand to catch the A nurse must not replace damp bed-clothes when patient is sweating. When the temperature is down to normal the...

English Test

For "Accurate Delivery" what three conditions must be fulfilled? Hello to everyone on this website. Can any one provide the basic requirements for a For a body to be in equilibrium under the combined action of several forces: " A. all the forces must be applied at the same point B. all of the forces form...According to their 'Scenario of the future' the entire world population should get a digital ID that We must be careful not to reject sound knowledge, based on years of research, simply Several movies depicted the coronavirus pandemic with great detail, and even mention hydroxychloroquine as the cure.According to Neil Smelser, several conditions must be in place for _ to occur? a.Collective behavior*b.Effective interpretation c.Social revoltd.Singular protest 21. 22. Neil Smelser's theory of crowd behavior is referred to as _ theory: 23.8 What / dry place / world? Терміново!!!!Change the underlined words into the correct phrasal verbs according to their meanings. 1. The bomb exploded at night. 2. I was sure he invented the whole story.

Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Participle and Infinitive Phrases – Diagnose Test, Grammar Explanation & Practice Exercises

Diagnostic Test Participle and Infinitive Phrases

Underline the right kind choice in daring.

Example:

Not to have /Not having a call for participation, I couldn't get into the birthday celebration.

1. He didn't own / Not owning an eye, Peter used to be steadily late.

2. Writing in the 'Evening Standard', an editorial / creator complained about the lack of disabled amenities at the underground.

3. Objects purchased/ buying in junk stores can continuously turn out to be somewhat precious.

4. Neil Armstrong was the primary man walking / to walk on the moon.

5. 'It's most effective me!' she stated, opening / she opened the door.

6. Their long-term plan was the corporate/ for the company to expand into Asia.

7. Hilary were given to the station best discovering/ to to find that the educate had already left.

8. Generally to speak / speaking, our highest industry comes by means of our site.

Complete each and every sentence the usage of the selection of words indicated in brackets, so that the sentence method the similar as the one(s) earlier than it.

Example:

Sally's best be apologetic about was once that she hadn't had any children. Not having had any kids was Sally's only be apologetic about. (Three words) Brian moved to Manchester in order that he may be closer to his unwell parents. Brian moved to Manchester to be nearer to his unwell parents. (2 phrases)

9. They couldn't buy the home owing to the truth that the bank had refused their loan software.

Their loan software ______________ they weren't able to purchase the house. (Three phrases)

10. He is not wealthy so he gained't be ready to come up with the money for it.

________________ rich, he gained't be ready to find the money for it. (2 phrases)

11. If you carrier it incessantly, the engine should ultimate for 200,000 kilometres.

_______________ regularly, the engine must ultimate for 200,000 kilometres. (1 phrase)

12. Hilary left the team when she had completed her undertaking.

Her mission _____________ Hilary left the crew. (1 phrase)

13. My proudest possession is this watch. My grandfather left it to me.

The watch_______________ to me by way of my grandfather is my proudest possession. (1 phrase)

14. John felt too ashamed to carry on as a result of he hadn't saved his phrase.

________________ his phrase, John felt too ashamed to raise on. (3 words)

15. The youngsters all the time had plenty to do as a result of they lived near the sports centre.

________________ near the sports centre, the children at all times had lots to do. (1 phrase)

16. As he had already handed his scientific, Dean was once ready to get started right away.

__________________ his medical, Dean used to be ready to get started immediately. (2 words)

17. Their worst mistake was that they didn't follow sooner.

Their worst mistake was_____________ sooner. (4 words)

18. We often find that the bigger sizes are the first ones which we sell.

We often to find the larger sizes are the first________________ (2 phrases)

19. David purchased a pc so that he may just get right of entry to his e-mails when he used to be travelling.

David bought a laptop ________________his e-mails when he used to be travelling. (2 words)

20. My truthful opinion is that I in reality didn't enjoy it.

I in reality didn't experience it , ________________honest (2 phrases).

Grammar Explanation: Participle and Infinitive Phrases

Participle words (eg. having a while to kill) can be used in sentences to give additional data or to describe the result, cause or time of the tips in the primary clause. Extra data words are equivalent to relative clauses. Infinitive words (eg. to make the best of it) are used to speak about function and, in a equivalent manner to relative clauses, after superlatives and different expressions.

Participle Phrases- Form and Use

Active and Passive Participles

There are several participle forms which we can use to make words:

Active Participle Passive Participle Simple X X X X (not) repaired Continuous (no longer) repairing (not) being repaired Perfect (no longer) having repaired (no longer) having been repaired

Participle phrases have active and passive paperwork however they don't have a worrying. Their time reference is normally transparent from the verb in the principle clause:

Not having a price tag, I received't be able to go to the concert the next day. (present/future) Not having a price ticket, I wasn't in a position to move to the concert the day before today. (previous)

In participle phrases, the lively participle (-ing form) has an active that means (see instance above) and the passive participle (-ed form) has a passive which means:

They haven't known the frame which was once found in the Thames. They haven't recognized the frame found in the Thames. (passive participle phrase)

Note: We can't most often use modal verbs in participle phrases:

X The questions must be spoke back are net-easy ones.

✓ The questions which must be replied aren't clean ones.

Verbs which aren't typically used in the continuous, e.g. be, own, possess can be used in participle phrases:

X Yolanda is rich and is owning six houses.

✓ Yolanda is rich, proudly owning six houses.

Participle Subjects

In many instances, participle words do not comprise an issue. The subject of the main clause (in daring underneath) in most cases acts as the topic of the participle phrase:

Moaning with ache, the victim was once examined through a young physician. (= The sufferer used to be moaning.)

If the participle word follows the thing of the main clause then both the thing or the subject of the primary clause (in daring under) can be the topic of the participle word, depending at the which means:

We noticed her aircraft coming in to land. (= The plane used to be coming in to land.) The company has opened a brand new manufacturing unit, creating many new jobs. (= The company has created many new jobs.)

Note: A participle phrase in the beginning of a sentence cannot refer to the item of the principle clause:

X Moaning with ache, a tender doctor examined the victim. (= A young physician was moaning, no longer the victim.)

Different Subject

In formal (typically written) English, participle words will have a subject matter which is not the similar as the subject of the primary clause.

Horns locked, the 2 stags fight for mastery. I crouched in the alleyway, my eyes straining in the darkness. Types of Participle Phrases

Defining Phrases

Participle phrases are an effective means of giving extra details about a noun and can regularly substitute a defining relative clause. Compare these examples:

The man may be very noisy. The man lives upstairs. ==> The guy who lives upstairs may be very noisy. (defining relative clause) ==> The guy residing upstairs could be very noisy. (lively participle word) The portrait was once lovely The portrait was painted by my brother. ==> The portrait which was once painted by my brother used to be pretty. (defining relative clause) ==> The portrait painted via my brother was lovely. (passive participle phrase)

We can only use a participle phrase to substitute a defining relative clause if the subject of the principle clause and the relative clause is the same We can not use a participle word if there is every other subject between the relative pronoun and the verb:

X The house residing in is over a century previous.

✓ The area which we are living in is over a century previous.

X The guy engaged to has disappeared.

✓ The guy who Trudy was once engaged to has disappeared.

In defining phrases, we simplest use an lively participle word (-ing form) once we are describing a unbroken motion or situation. We can't use an -ing shape for a single finished motion:

X The thief taking her bag has been arrested.

✓ The thief who took her bag has been arrested. (unmarried completed action)

Phrases of Reason, Condition and Results

Participle words can frequently perform like clauses of reason, situation, outcome and time:

Full clause Participle Phrase Reason She will be not able to answer your queries as a result of she isn't qualified. As I hadn't been requested, I didn't in point of fact want to interfere. Not being certified, she's going to be unable to solution your queries. Not having been requested, I didn't in point of fact want to intervene. Condition If you treat it gently, the material will have to final for years. Treated gently, the fabric will have to ultimate for years. Result The company close down the plant, with the end result that many employees have been left unemployed. The corporation shut down the plant, leaving many staff unemployed1 Time As we became the corner we noticed the sanatorium in front people. Turning the nook, we saw the clinic in entrance of us.

1Note that the result is regularly now not supposed:

I stayed at paintings slightly overdue, missing my last train house.

Time Phrases

We most often use -ing participle words when two movements happen on the similar time, or one happens right away after the other. The -ing participle usually describes the background or earlier motion. This is similar to the use of the continuous side for movements in growth and background scenarios:

Leaving the motorway, we noticed an overturned truck at the verge. (= As/When we were leaving the motorway, we spotted …) Switching off the lighting fixtures, I grew to become over and buried my head in the pillow. (= After I switched off the lights, I turned over…)

In written English an -ing participle word often describes the surroundings or background situation:

Living in Los Angeles, Brad was once a kind of ever-optimistic film wannabes.

Note: When we would like to emphasise that one thing happened ahead of some other, we will be able to use an excellent participle for the sooner action. The participle word can come sooner than or after the main clause:

Having passed my using check, I was ready to purchase my first car. (= After I had passed my riding test, …) I was ready to purchase my first car, having handed my using test.

The easiest participle too can describe reasons or causes as these typically come earlier than a end result.

Having forgotten to take my keys, I had to borrow a collection from my landlord. (= Because I had forgotten my keys. …) Infinitive Phrases – Form and Use

Active and Passive Infinitives

We can use the following sorts of the verb in infinitive phrases:

Active Infinitive Passive Infinitive Simple (not) to mend (now not) to be mend Continuous (now not) to mending (no longer) to be being mended Perfect (now not) to have mended (now not) to were broken

Infinitive phrases can be active or passive, however they do not display aggravating. The time reference is proven by the context or by way of the anxious of the verb in the main clause:

The tax bill will be the primary item to be debated in the following parliament. (future) Their proposal used to be the first one to be debated at the previous day's planning assembly. (past)

But we will use the very best infinitive for an match that came about before the primary clause:

Not to have acted quicker is his biggest regret. (= He regrets he didn't act quicker.) Her greatest claim to reputation is to have been selected for the ultimate Olympic squad. (= She is legendary now as a result of she was chosen.)

Subject and Complement

An infinitive word can act as the subject or complement of the verb be:

To achieve the top is their purpose. Their intention is to achieve the top.

Note: We use for with an infinitive phrase if the topic of the infinitive is not the same as the topic of the sentence:

X Their goal is the team to win

✓ Their intention is for the group to win.

An infinitive phrase can be the topic or supplement of a sentence:

To in finding her so distressed took him by means of surprise. They struggled to stay up their standard of living

Sentences with an infinitive word as their topic can sound reasonably formal. We most often prefer impersonal it or an –ing shape.

It is hard to stay up a friendship Keeping up a friendship is tricky. Types of Infinitive Phrase

Defining Phrases

We can regularly exchange a relative clause after a superlative, an ordinal quantity (e.g. first), or one, next, last and most effective, with an infinitive word:

The youngest individual that entered the programme was just fourteen. ==> The youngest individual to enter the programme was simply fourteen. The window seat is normally the first one which is taken. ==>The window seat is typically the primary one to be taken. Linda was once the one one who stayed for the whole performance. ==> Linda used to be the one one to keep for the entire performance.

Note: We typically don't use an infinitive word to replace relative clauses containing modal verbs, because the meaning would no longer be clear:

X He's the one player to save the group from defeat.

✓ He's the only player who would possibly save the team from defeat

Purpose and Result Phrases

We steadily use an infinitive word to describe a planned purpose or goal. This is the infinitive of objective:

Davy took a year out to see the arena and expand his enjoy of lifestyles

We can use an infinitive phrase to describe finding one thing sudden, particularly with only:

He returned to the sphere to find the military in retreat. Eliza rejoined her buddies, simplest to uncover that Mr Darcy had left. Uses in Discourse

Comment Phrases

We occasionally use infinitive and participle phrases to add a comment to something we are saying:

I'm no longer very concerned with it, to tell the reality. Generally talking, they're an attractive friendly bunch of other people. It wasn't a nasty display, all things considered.

We can use an adverb to adjust a participle. This describes the precise facet of one thing which we are commenting on. The adverb can come sooner than or after the participle:

Financially talking, few of the dot.com firms have a just right monitor document. Compromised artistically. Picasso felt forced to leave Paris.

Note that we will be able to use adverbs in the similar approach with adjectives:

Although economically successful, the government is beginning to lose popularity.

Style

In written English, it is standard to transfer from the familiar (the present subject) to the new (the ideas principle) and to be economical with phrases and steer clear of repetition. Participle and infinitive phrases assist us to do these items. Compare those examples:

Steve went house. He spotted a piece of paper which were left on the doorstep as he walked in opposition to the door. Steve went house. Walking against the door, he spotted a work of paper left on the doorstep. Because Marion didn't have a degree she was once the only person who wasn't introduced an everlasting contract. Not having some extent. Marion was the one one no longer to be introduced an everlasting contract.

Also take a look at:

Practice Exercise

Q 1.

Choose the most efficient participle forms (A- G) to are compatible into the sentences. One of the bureaucracy isn't needed.

A. giving B. not having been given C. no longer giving D. having been given E. being given F. having given G. given The perfect part__________ to another actor, Josh felt unwilling to continue his involvement in the show. I've at all times treasured the watch_________ to me on my eighteenth birthday. The law enforcement officials stood at either end of the hallway, ___________ Ray no chance of escape. ___________our tickets to the attendant, we had been ushered into the antechamber of the tomb. We are dividing up the grant according to need, the largest quantity _____________ to the homeless. _____________ the necessary month's notice by way of the owner, the tenant was able to keep on in the house.

Q 2.

Rewrite the next sentences, changing the underlined word with an acceptable participle phrase.

As they hadn't been arrested they have been ready to depart the police station. ==> Not having been arrested, they have been ready to go away the police station. She fell asleep whilst she sat in the armchair. Because I will be able to discuss Finnish I was in a position to practice their dialog My brother, who has cut up up along with his wife, desires to move in with me. So a ways no one has claimed the money we came upon beneath the floorboards. After he had moved out. Danny discovered it tough to discover a nice place to stay. If you leave it for too long, oil paint will shape a skin. The sea was very tough, which made me really feel sick. As It's not that i am superb with figures I'll let you do the accounts. This is a house which has been constructed to remaining ceaselessly. Provided you wash it at a groovy temperature this garment won't shrink. People who play loud song overdue at night time can be a real nuisance. Because he have been unemployed for goodbye. Jack despaired of ever discovering a task. If you give them sufficient time, the engineers will be able to find the fault. The individuals who lived closest to the river bank were the worst affected. Due to the fact that I hadn't registered. I used to be not able to vote in ultimate week's election.

Q 3.

Seven of those sentences have mistakes – either an pointless further word or a missing phrase.

Tick [✓] the right kind sentences and proper the ones with errors.

Study medication at college you wish to have to pass a biology examination. I don't think much of him, be honest with you. That was the first actual programme to be shown at the new channel. We don't want to be the ultimate ones to leave. It isn't necessary to be being rich to be glad. I used to be the primary one in my family to were gone to university. I'm afraid you aren't the primary person to mugged in this neighbourhood. She joined the Navy to see the world. It's a shame not have seen the fireworks. The 'Royale' is the latest material to have designed via Silvio Moresco. .

Q 4.

The famous quotations (1-5) are lacking infinitive phrases. Match the infinitive ( A – F) in the box to complete the quotations as it should be.

'To err is human, _________, divine.' (Alexander Pope) 'One must devour, _________, no longer are living to devour.' (Molière) 'It is healthier ____________ and misplaced than never to have cherished in any respect.' (Samuel Butler) 'To be, or _____________: that is the question.' (William Shakespeare) 'The best possible thing is _____________, however it takes makeup to look natural.' (Calvin Klein) A. to have beloved B. to glance natural C. to are living E. to forgive F. no longer to be

Q 5.

Use the guidelines in the desk to write sentences, inserting an infinitive or a participle word. Some sentences can be written in a couple of approach. The first two were accomplished as examples.

Action/Reason Aim/Result/Further Information (0) The price of the currency fell. It made international holidays dearer. ==> The value of the foreign money fell, making international vacations costlier (00) Hilary got a job in a café. She was once in a position to make lots of new pals. ==> Getting a role in a café, Hilary was in a position to make plenty of new pals. 1. Carlos joined a dating company.

2. I left my keys on the place of business.

3. Manuela hasn't were given a visa.

4. My nephew emigrated to Australia.

5. A new dam used to be built around the river.

6. The old house had been restored via professionals.

7. I wasn't very have compatibility.

8. Dave and Maria's kids had left house.

9. They were given home early.

l0. Only one individual stayed at the back of.

He sought after to discover a girlfriend. I couldn't get into my flat final evening. She can't travel to america. He sought after to get started a brand new lifestyles. It flooded 1000's of hectares of farmland. It regained its former glory. I was unable to finish the marathon. They felt they will have to transfer to a smaller house. They discovered the place have been burgled. It used to be the caretaker.

Q 6.

Use infinitive and/or participle words to rewrite this extract from a TV listings mag in a extra herbal means. The parts you wish to have to exchange are underlined. You might need to change the order of a few words. The first word has been completed for you.

MOVIE OF THE WEEK

The Godfather

It dates from 1971 and was directed by way of Francis Ford Coppola, The Godfather received 3 Oscars. The film lasts almost 3 hours and is Shakespearean in its scope and ambition. It is the story of a New York mafia family which is headed by means of Marlon Brando as 'the Godfather'.

Although Brando has the title position it's Al Pacino, who plays his bothered son and heir Michael, who steals the display in a masterly performance. As he struggles to reconcile his distaste for crime and brutality together with his sense of circle of relatives honour and responsibility, Pacino's character embodies the ethical dilemma at the middle of the film.

The director intersperses lengthy scenes of circle of relatives life with shorter sequences of maximum violence in order to reach his goal of taking the target market on an emotional rollercoaster ride. Because it was shot in particular detail, this violence may surprise some viewers. But anyone who is ready to put up with this may increasingly enjoy a singular dramatic revel in. In reality, for many of us, The Godfather is the best American film which have been made in the Nineteen Seventies.

Dating from 1971___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Q 7.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a equivalent meaning to the primary sentence. You must use between 3 and 8 words, together with the phrase given. This phrase must not be altered in any means. There is an example (0).

(0) The first individual that arrives in the place of work in the mornings is typically Cary. to Gary is most often……….the first particular person to arrive…….in the workplace in the mornings. Martin is always a great asset at any celebration as a result of he is so captivating.

1. being _________always an excellent asset to any birthday party.

I took a brief computing path following my graduation from school

2. having________a brief computing route.

Celia's primary regret is that she had never made extra of her musical skills.

3. to________her musical abilities is Celia's main feel sorry about.

As she threw open the French home windows Mary said 'There's nothing like contemporary air!'

4. throwing 'There's not anything like recent air!' _________the French windows.

The company launched an advertising marketing campaign with the aim of accelerating its market proportion.

5. to The corporate ________ its marketplace proportion.

Finding the old house in such a derelict state got here as a perfect shock.

6. to find It got here as_______in this type of derelict state.

Frankly, I don't suppose my shoppers will ever agree to the ones costs.

7. frank I don't think my purchasers will ever agree________

The shrubs should develop well when you plant them in a sunny spot.

8. planted_______should develop well.

They will almost definitely promote the bottom ground flat first.

9. be They expect the ground floor flat ________

My brother is having a large number of trouble finding a decent process as he hasn't had the benefit of a college schooling.

10. Having______a college education, my brother is having a large number of trouble discovering a task.

Sophie was once a challenging boss because she used to be one of these perfectionist.

11. being _______was a difficult boss.

The town hall was one of the most few buildings that wasn't destroyed in the earthquake.

12. been The the city hall was probably the most few______in the earthquake.

Answer Key for Diagnostic Test Not proudly owning author bought to stroll opening for the corporate to in finding speaking having been refused Not being Serviced completed\ left Not having saved Living Having passed not to have applied to sell to access to be Answer Key for Practice Exercise

Q1.

D G A F E B

(Extra pointless word is C.)

Q 2.

sitting in the armchair Being in a position to talk Finnish having split up with his spouse found out underneath the floorboards Having moved out Left for too long making me feel ill Not being superb with figures built to closing without end Washed at a fab temperature People taking part in loud track overdue at evening Having been unemployed for so long Given sufficient time The folks living closest to the river bank Not having registered

Q 3.

Study ==> To learn about be honest ==> to be honest ✓ ✓ to be being wealthy ==> to be wealthy to have been gone ==> to have long past to mugged ==> to be mugged ✓ not have noticed ==> not to have noticed to have designed ==> to were designed

Q 4.

E C A F B

Q 5.

Carlos joined a courting agency to find a female friend. Having left my keys on the administrative center, I couldn't get into my flat final evening. Not having a visa, Manuela can't commute to the United States. My nephew emigrated to Australia to get started a new existence. A new dam used to be built around the river, flooding hundreds of hectares of farmland./ A brand new dam having been built around the river, hundreds of hectares of farmland had been flooded. Having been restored by experts, the previous space regained its former glory./ The previous space had been restored via experts, regaining its former glory. Not being very have compatibility, I used to be unable to end the marathon. Their youngsters having left home, Dave and Maria felt they will have to move to a smaller house. They got home early to to find the place had been burgled. The best person to keep in the back of was once the caretaker.

Q 6.

(Participle and infinitive clauses underlined)

Dating from 1971 and directed by means of Francis Ford Coppola, The Godfather won 3 Oscars. Lasting almost 3 hours, the movie is Shakespearean in its scope and ambition. It is the tale of a New York mafia family headed by means of Marlon Brando as 'the Godfather'. Although Brando has the identify position it is Al Pacino, taking part in his bothered son and inheritor Michael, who steals the display in a masterly performance.

Struggling to reconcile his distaste for crime and brutality along with his sense of circle of relatives honour and accountability, Pacino's persona embodies the moral dilemma on the middle of the movie.

To succeed in his intention of taking the target audience on an emotional rollercoaster experience the director intersperses lengthy scenes of family existence with shorter sequences of extreme violence. (or: The director intersperses long scenes of family lifestyles with shorter sequences of extreme violence to reach his goal of taking the audience on an emotional rollercoaster ride.) Shot in particular element, this violence might shock some audience. But any individual prepared to submit with this may experience a singular dramatic experience. In fact, for many of us The Godfather is the best American movie (to have been) made in the Nineteen Seventies.

Q 7.

Being so fascinating, Martin is Having graduated (from faculty) I took Not to have made more of stated Mary, throwing open introduced an promoting campaign to increase a really perfect shock to in finding the old area to the ones costs, to be frank. Planted in a sunny spot, the shrubs to be the primary (flat) to be offered/to be sold first. Not having had the advantage of Being any such perfectionist, Sophie constructions now not to had been destroyed/structures that had no longer been destroyed

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